2019年吉林高考英语模拟试题及答案
阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
1．（6分）Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct （本能） to help one another．Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children．Who are able from a young age to gather their own food．
In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random﹣﹣﹣he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．
Human children，on the other hand are extremely corporative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate a achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught．but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded．A third reason is that social intelligence．Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills，at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell，the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests，but were considerably better at understanding the social world
The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’don’t in what Tomasello calls what．Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．But that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose．They actively seek to be part of a”we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．
1．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps？
A．Chimps seldom care about others’interests．
B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children．
C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors’food．
D．Chimps naturally share food with each other．
2．Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they ．
A．have the instinct to help others
B．know how to offer help to adults
C．know the world better than chimps
D．trust adults with their hands full
3．The passage is mainly about ．
A．the helping behaviors of young children
B．ways to train children’s shared intentionality
C．cooperation as a distinctive human nature
D．the development of intelligence in children．
2．（8分）
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（自主性） and the development of adult identity．However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities．
For previous generations，college was decisive break from parental control； guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within．In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cellphones，email and social media，have increased significantly．Some parents go so far as to help with coursework．Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home．
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation．This process involves”trying on”new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually（在思维方面） and personally．While we should provide”safe spaces”within colleges，we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views．Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning．
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important．Because a college community（群体） differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging．If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern，they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community．
Moreover，the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults：the response to being controlled by their elders．If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined（规定） and controlled，the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged．
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so．Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency．What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world．Therefore，there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth．
Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self﹣regulation，of the necessary tension between safety and self﹣discovery．
4．What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students？
A．Sympathetic
B．Disapproving
C．Supportive
D．Neutral
5．The underlined word”passage”in Paragraph 2 means．
A．change
B．choice
C．text
D．extension
6．According to the author，what role should college play？
A．to develop a shared identity among students
B．to define and regulate students’social behavior
C．to provide a safe world without tension for students
D．to foster students’intellectual and personal development
7．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage？
3．（8分）Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil（邪恶） minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly．The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence（AI） may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want．In 1960a well﹣known mathematician Norbert Wiener，who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论），put it this way：”If we use，to achieve our purposes，a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere（干预），we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire．”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence．For the machine，this quality is not in﹣born，nor is it something introduced by humans； it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead．So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee，it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task．If we are not careful，then，we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined，super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own，with the real world as the chessboard．
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists．Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world．Unfortunately，that plan seems unlikely to work：we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans，let alone super intelligent machines．
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy．There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines．But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand，as it has been by some AI researchers．Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams﹣yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans．Others say we can just”switch them off”as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility．Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen．On September 11，1933，famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated，with confidence，”Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine．”However，on September 12，1933，physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron﹣induced（中子诱导） nuclear chain reaction．
8．Paragraph 1mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ．
A．run out of human control
B．satisfy human’s real desires
C．command armies of killer robots
D．work faster than a mathematician
9．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ．
A．prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C．do anything successfully with given orders
D．beat humans in international chess matches
10．According to some researchers，we can use firewalls to ．
A．help super intelligent machines work better
B．be secure against evil human beings
C．keep machines from being harmed
D．avoid robots’affecting the world
11．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？
A．It will disappear with the development of AI．
B．It will get worse with human interference．
C．It will be solved but with difficulty．
D．It will stay for a decade．
4．（8分）A build﹣it﹣yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available．Developed by two doctors in the U．S．Department of Agriculture，it’s an excellent water collector．Unfortunately，you must carry the necessary equipment with you，since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes．The only components required，though，are a 5’×5’sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic，six feet of plastic tube，and a container﹣perhaps just a drinking cup﹣to catch the water．These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt．
To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity．Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up﹣and out﹣the side of the hole．
Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock．The plastic should now form a cone（圆锥体） with 45﹣degree﹣angled sides．The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over，and no more than three inches above，the cup．
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic．Ground water evaporates （蒸发） and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form，run down the material and fall off into the cup．When the container is full，you can suck the refreshment out through the tube，and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink．
12．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph？
A．It’s delicate．B．It’s expensive．C．It’s complex．D．It’s portable．
13．What does the underlined phrase”the water catcher”in paragraph 2refer to？
A．The tube．B．The still．C．The hole．D．The cup．
14．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still？
A．Dig a hole of a certain size．
B．Put the cup in place．
C．Weight the sheet’s center down．
D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet．
15．When a solar still works，drops of water come into the cup form ．
A．the plastic tube
B．outside the hole
C．the open air
D．beneath the sheet
第二节 （满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．
5．（10分）Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries．（16） In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men．One reason for this is biological．
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women．（17） Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility（生育能力）．These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow．In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks．
（18） They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections．This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men．The common cold is a good example：women，on average，get fewer colds than men．
（19） Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging，but they believe that they do．Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency（向） to age more slowly than a man’s．Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly．（20）
A．However，women，on average，live longer．
B．The biological factor plays an important part．
C．Women are also helped by their female genes．
D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way．
E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities．
F．Therefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life．
G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions．
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节 完形填空（每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
6．（30分）Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever．I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast．While we were（36） ，Kurt askedme，”John，what is your（37） for personal growth？
Never at a loss for words，I tried to find things in my life that might（38） for growth．I toldhim about the many activities in which I was（39） ．And I went into a（40） about how hard Iworked and the gains I was making．I must have talked for ten minutes．Kurt（41） patiently，but then he（42） smiled and said，”You don’t have a personal plan for growth，do you？”
“No，I（43） ．
“You know，”Kurt said simply，”growth is not a（n）（44） process．”
And that’s when it（45） me．I wasn’t doing anything（46） to make myself better．And at that moment，I made the（47） ：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my（48） ．
That night，I talked to my wife about my（49） with Kurt and what I had learned．I（50） her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling．We（51） that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale．He was offering a（52） for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams．
Several important things happened that day．First，we decided to（53） the resources．But more importantly，we made a commitment to （54） together as a couple．From that day on，we learned together，traveled together，and sacrificed together．It was a（55） decision．While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together．
36．A．working B．preparing C．thinking D．eating
37．A．suggestion B．demand C．plan D．request
38．A．appeal B．look C．call D．qualify
39．A．involved B．trapped C．lost D．bathed
40．A．lecture B．speech C．discussion D．debate
41．A．calculated B．listened C．Drank D．explained
42．A．eagerly B．gradually C．gratefully D．finally
43．A．admitted B．Interrupted C．apologized D．complained
44．A．automatic B．slow C．independent D．changing
45．A．confused B．informed C．pleased D．hit
46．A．on loan B．on purpose C．on sale D．on balance
47．A．comment B．announcement C．decision D．arrangement
48．A．life B．progress C．performance D．investment
49．A．contract B．conversation C．negotiation D．argument
50．A．lent B．sold C．showed D．offered
51．A．recalled B．defined C．recognized D．declared
52．A．tool B．method C．way D．rule
53．A．provide B．buy C．Give D．deliver
54．A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather
55．A．difficult B．random C．firm D．wise
第二节 （每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
7．（15分）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community（医学界）（56） a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（57） （effect） such as overweight and heart disease﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（58） （process） the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（59） （remove） from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As （60） result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（61） （bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（62） （be） full of fat and salt； by（63） （eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心） between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（64） （care） not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（65） is not good for the health．
第三部分写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）
8．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
It is Mother’s Day today．Though it’s a western festival，it’s popular in China now．
Mom has a full﹣time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks．She is a great mother．Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day．We get up early in the morning．Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping．When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen．The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest．At dinner，we said to her，”Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving．
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
9．（25分）假定你是李华，与留学生朋友John约好下周六下午一起去看电影，因故不能赴约．请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示歉意；
2．说明原因；
3．另约时间．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
答案
1．A 2．A 3．C
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C
8．A 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．D 13．B 14．C 15．D
16．A 17．G 18．D 19．C 20．E
36．D 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B 41．B42．D 43．A 44．A 45．D 46．B 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．C 51．C 52．C 53．B、54．A 55．D
56．as 57．effects 58．to process 59．are removed60．A61．worse 62．is 63．eating 64．careful 65．which
【解答】It is Mother’s Day today．Though it’s a western festival，it’s popular in China now．
Mom has a full﹣time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks．She is a great mother．Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day．We get up early in the morning．Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping．When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in∧kitchen．The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest．At dinner，we said to her，”Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving．
详解：
1．so改为but 考查连词．前后两个分句之间是转折关系而非并列关系，用连词but．
2．houseworks改为housework 考查名词．housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式．
3．or改为and 考查连词．both…and…意为”两者都…”，是固定搭配．
4．get改为got 考查动词时态．此处讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时态．
5．去掉on 考查固定搭配．go shopping意为”购物”，是固定搭配．
6．her改为his 考查代词．his指代Dad．
7．加the 考查冠词．加定冠词the表示特指．
8．what改为that/which或去掉what 考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词dishes在从句中作动词cook的宾语，用关系代词that/which；作宾语的关系代词也可省略，即去掉what．
9．favoritest改为favorite 考查名词．Mom’s是名词所有格，后接名词favorite，favoritest是形容词最高级．
10．moving改为moved 考查过去分词．过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语多半是人．
【解答】Dear John，
I’m terribly sorry that I can’t go to the cinema with you next Saturday afternoon．I’ve just informed that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon and I’ll have to give a lecture at the meeting．I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble．
Shall we go on next Sunday afternoon？We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to have a face﹣to﹣face talk before going to the cinema．If it’s convenient for you，let’s meet at 2：30 outside the school gate．If not，let me know what time suits you best．I should be available any time after school next week．
Yours
Li Hua
